Saturday, June 27, 2020

SQL Injection Attacks Essay - 1100 Words

Understanding and Preventing SQL Injection Attacks (Essay Sample) Content: Understanding and Preventing SQL Injection AttacksNameInstitutionUnderstanding and Preventing SQL Injection AttacksThe input, processing, storage and retrieval of data are the most fundamental sequences of processes that an application with both front-end and back-end executes. Application developers put in place security measures to leverage authorization and authentication to protect undesired and unauthorized interaction with data stored in the database. Nevertheless, the database remains the primary target of most attackers. Some of the most common attacks induced on databases include SQL injections. SQL injection can be understood as an attack technique that takes advantage of security vulnerability present in the database layer of a target application. SQL injection is used by hackers to gain unauthorized access to underlying structure, data and Database Management systems. SQL injection has become one of the most exploited web applications vulnerability [1]. This essay will explore available literature that delves deeper into how SQL injection occurs, types of SQL injection strategies and attacks, testing and detection of SQL injection. Finally, the essay will discuss prevention of SQL injections.An SQL injection attack is said to have occurred when a hacker succeeds in changing the intended effect of an SQL query through inserting his/her SQL operators and keywords into the database [2]. This infers that an SQL injection is a vulnerability in an application through which an attacker arbitrarily infuses pieces of malicious data into input fields of an application, which when operated by the application, executes the input data as a piece of code at the back end server. Consequently, it results to undesired outcomes which application developers do not anticipate [2, 3]. SQL injection has a characteristic known as injection attack mechanism [2] which identifies how SQL injection occurs. Injection mechanism entails the input mechanisms tha t attackers use to break into the database back end. Some of the common input mechanisms include injection via user input. Normally, SQL injection attacks targeting web applications will target the input form submissions through the HTTP POST or GET requests [3].Besides web submissions, the attackers could as well induce SQL injection through cookies. Cookies are special files responsible for maintaining application-generated information which is stored on client machines [3]. It gives the client control over this information and an attacker can perform malicious processes or activities on contents of the cookies. Incase the cookie contents are used in building SQL queries, it gives the attacker a window of submitting an attack embedded in the cookie [4]. Likewise also, the attacker can exploit server variables. Server variables include network headers, environmental variables and HTTP. These variables are used in identifying logging usage statistics besides browsing trends. Becaus e of their sensitivity, if they are used to log into the database without sanitization, they are likely to create SQL injection vulnerability [5].There are different SQL injection attacks and strategies. Normally, they are not executed in isolation but instead, most of them are used serially according to the intent of the attacker [2]. Moreover, there exist multiple variations of every attack variation. Some of these SQL injection attacks include; tautologies. These attacks are induced with the intention of undermining authentication in order to discover parameters to be injected, offering leeway for extracting data [7]. A tautology based attack works through injecting conditional statement so that their evaluation outcome is ever true. The consequences associated with this attack depend on the use of the outcome from queries within a target application. In most cases, tautology attacks are used to bypass authentication and extraction of data [2]. For instance, an attacker can explo it an injectable "WHERE" conditional query statement. Turning the "WHERE" conditional query into a tautology, results to returning all the table rows targeted by the tautology conditional. The tautology based attacker takes the vulnerable parameters and the code constructs so that the returned results can be of benefit to gaining access into the database [7].On the other hand, the logically/illegal incorrect queries SQL injection is induced to discover injectable/vulnerable parameters, perform database finger-printing and extract data. This attack grants the attacker a leeway of gathering crucial information about the structure and type of backend database used by web application [2]. This attack is considered a forerunner for major attacks by exploiting on the vulnerability leveraged even from a default error. This is possible because the extra error information generated by the error page, to aid developers debug/correct the errors, gives attackers information concerning the back- end database schema [2]. The attacker injects lines of codes that influence or cause type conversion, logical error or syntax error into the database. Syntax errors identify vulnerable parameters while type errors deduce the data types of target columns or it can extract data as well. Logical errors are used to reveal table names and specific columns responsible for the error [6].In order to help developers deal with injectable loop-holes, research has found out some testing and detection methods to be used during the development phase of an application. One of the commonly used testing techniques is the Black Box Testing [2]. According to Haung and friends [8] a black box technique known as WAVES is used in testing developed web applications for SQL injection vulnerabilities. This technique leverages a Web crawler as a means of identifying all potential points in a web application which are likely to be exploited to inject SQL injection attacks. The technique then creates attacks targeting such points based on a particular list of attack techniques and patterns. Besides this, WAVES is designed to monitor the response of an application to attacks and improves its attack methodology by machine learning techniques. In spite of its machine learning approach in testing injectable points, it can not guarantee completeness [2].CANDID is a very reliable SQL injection tool that modifies Java written web applications using a program transformation. It works through mining the programmer's intended input query structure and detects SQL injection attacks through comparison with the structure of the actual issued query [9]. It is a natural and simple approach towards detection of SQL injection attacks. Similarly, AMNESIA is another tool used in detection of SQL injection attacks and it works by combining runtime monitoring and static analysis [10]. It begins with the static phase where the tool develops models of various kinds of queries which the target application can generate at any time whenever the database is accessed. In order to counter any sabotage to queries, queries go through early interception (checked against statically built models) in the dynamic phase before being sent to the database. At this point, all queries suspected to violate query structures are prevented from accessing the database. Although it is a good tool, it is not reliable because it depends on the accuracy of static analysis to be able to build effective query models.Another detection and prevention mechanism is the SQLPrevent which comprises an HTTP request interceptor. After SQLPrevent is executed into a web server, original data flow is altered. The current-local thread saves all the HTTP request and SQL interceptor stops the SQL statements made by web applications to pass them ...

Thursday, June 4, 2020

Pompeys Favor of the Senate Over Julius Caesar - Free Essay Example

Pompey was a Roman general who played a major part during the time of the First Triumvirate and the rise of Julius Caesar. He was an active participant in Roman politics, in which he controlled the food supply and conquered many foreign regions in the name of Rome (Woolf, 139). During his lifetime, he created tense relationships with both the Senate and with Julius Caesar. With the threat of civil war due to conflicts with Caesar, Pompey had to make a choice: side with Caesar, or side with the Senate. He decided the right choice was to side with the latter. Pompey had justified reasons to support his choice to go against Caesar such as he had family ties related to the Senate, they shared a fear of Caesars success, and his previous relations in the Roman government. One reason was that, Pompey had family ties that were related to the Senate. This allowed him to obtain special commands that benefited both him and the Senate (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?).Pompey had been born into a family that was in the senatorial class, due to his father Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). His family was particularly powerful in Picenum, which was a region that was east of Rome (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). This allowed the family to have clients to create their own private army, which they used to side with Marius during his war versus Sulla, the dictator of Rome at the time. (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). So when Gnaeus passed away, Pompey was able to obtain this private army, and his familys land which he put to good use. (Wha len, Sandvick. What Was the Contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman History?) He first switched sides of the war and became a lieutenant of Sulla (Coolidge, 16). When Sulla passed away, Pompey was in a position where he could go into dictatorship over Rome (Coolidge, 16). To the Senates relief, he declined the offer (Coolidge, 16). The opposition to his attempted dictatorship pleased the Senate, who greatly disliked the idea of a single ruler (Coolidge, 16). Pompey was also able to use his private army to get special commands from the Senate (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). In Spain he was able to end the rule of Sertorius (Wasson First Triumvirate). This allowed him to conquer and effectively lead Spain (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). This conquering benefitted both Pompey and the Senate, for it was the first time Rome had been able to rule the country (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). Later, he was also able to conquer Syria, Pontus, and Bithynia, all of which were turned into Roman provinces (Lloyd, Pompey). This greatly pleased the Senate, who gave more commands to Pompey in return (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). Pompeys second great success was being a part of the forming of the Annona, which was the supply of free grain for the Roman people (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). He had created a system where grain from Sicily, Egypt, and areas of North Africa was to be transported by sea, and then distributed to the people of Rome (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). Pompey was able to use this accomplishment as a way to gain support in the city, and for social stability (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). The Senate used the Annona as a way to benefit Romes economy, their society, and even their political system (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). Both the Senate and Pompey had a shared fear and jealousy of what Julius Caesar had done. The Senate was an oligarchy and heavily disliked the idea of having a single, all-powerful ruler (Lendering, Gaius Julius Caesar: Constitutional Problems.). They were worried that Caesar may try to take over Rome and rule as a dictator (Lendering, Gaius Julius Caesar: Constitutional Problems.). This had already happened previously, with Sulla taking complete control over the Republic (Lloyd, Pompey). Caesar had experienced great success in conquering Gaul and other neighboring regions (Lendering, Gaius Julius Caesar: Constitutional Problems.). This caused Pompey to become jealous, for he had been one of the most successful generals in ancient Rome (Lloyd, Pompey). He also had a very unstable relationship with Julius Caesar due to marriage between their families (Wasson, First Triumvirate). To create an alliance between the two Pompey married Caesars daughter, Julia, as part of a political move (Woolf, 141). There was peace between them until Julia Caesar died, causing their political links to be damaged, and Caesar and Pompey starting to go their separate ways (Woolf, 141). Pompey also had previous relations to the Senate. Due to his former successes with the conquering of the East, in 70 CE Pompey was able to start his first consulship with Crassus (Lloyd, Pompey). Initially, he was ineligible for this due to his young age and him not becoming a quaestor or praetor before his term (Lloyd, Pompey). However, the Senate overlooked the rules and allowed Pompey to become consul (Lloyd, Pompey). When he returned from Spain he realized that the Senate was failing, and decided to turn it around by using his power to lower its responsibilities (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). During this time, he had been chosen by the Senate to take control of the piracy situation and Romes food supply (Whalen, Sandvick. What was the contribution of Pompey the Great to Roman history?). His creation of the Gabinian Law in 67 CE allowed him to oppose the piracy that was occurring in the Mediterranean, which raised Romes corn s upply (Wasson, First Triumvirate). After this success, he returned and demanded that his army be given land (Lloyd, Pompey). His idea seemed logical, for no one wanted the unemployed veterans in the city, but the Senate disapproved (Lloyd, Pompey). This helped form the First Triumvirate with Julius Caesar and another power in the Roman government, Crassus, were Pompeys only mission was to obtain this land for his soldiers (Lloyd, Pompey). Through this rule he was able to achieve this land (Lloyd, Pompey). But the triumvirate started to fall apart, so Pompey decided to return to a joint consulship with Crassus, and he became governor of Spain (Lloyd, Pompey). The triumvirate was further damaged when Crassus died, leaving Pompey on his own (Lloyd, Pompey). When Caesar decided to return to Rome, he requested consulship, which both the Senate and Pompey declined (Lloyd, Pompey). Instead, the Senate named Pompey consul with the support of Cato, who was a leader in government at the time (Lloyd, Pompey). This lead to the complete destruction of the relationship between Caesar and Pompey (Lloyd, Pompey). In conclusion, Pompey had justified reasons to side with the Senate and to go against Caesar. Pompey and the Senate were able to join forces due to their shared jealousy and hatred over Julius Caesar, how Pompey had been apart of the Senate before, and how Pompey had family ties to the Senate which allowed him to improve Rome. Unfortunately, this alliance between powers failed. Pompey was killed when escaping from his defeat, and with his death caused the end of the oligarchy era in Rome (Wasson, First Triumvirate). Pompeys decision of choosing the Senate would affect how Rome was governed for the rest of the empires reign.

Monday, May 18, 2020

7 Steps for Writing a Paper on an Environmental Issue

Are you a student tasked with writing a research paper on an environmental issue? These few tips, along with some hard and focused work, should get you most of the way there. 1. Find a topic Look for a topic that speaks to you, that grabs your attention. Alternatively, choose a topic about which you are genuinely interested in learning more. It will be a lot easier to spend time working on something of interest to you. Here are some places you can find ideas for a paper: Of course, here on About.com’s Environmental Issues site. Browse the front page to see if a topic grabs your attention, or go to more specific content hubs like these ones:Global warmingBiodiversityDeforestationFossil fuelsWater PollutionEcologyThe science or environment sections of major newspapers and news organizations will feature articles about current environmental news and events.Environmental news websites like Grist or Environmental News Network. 2. Conduct research Are you using internet resources? Make sure you can assess the quality of the information you find. This article from Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab is useful to help with assessing the quality of your sources. Print resources are not to be neglected. Visit your school or city library, learn how to use their search engine, and talk to your librarian about accessing the resources available. Are you expected to constrain your sources to primary literature? That body of knowledge consists of peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals. Consult your librarian for help with accessing the proper databases to reach those articles. 3. Follow instructions Carefully read the handout or prompt given to you and which contains instructions about the assignment. Early in the process, make sure you choose a topic that will satisfy the assigned requirements. Once half-way through the paper, and once when it’s done, check it against the instructions to make sure you didn’t drift away from what was required. 4. Start with a solid structure First craft a paper outline with your main ideas organized, and a thesis statement. A logical outline will make it easy to gradually flesh out ideas and eventually produce complete paragraphs with good transitions between them. Make sure all the sections serve the purpose of the paper outlined in the thesis statement. 5. Edit After you have a good draft produced, put the paper down, and don’t pick it up until the next day. It’s due tomorrow? Next time, start working on it earlier. This break will help you with the editing stage: you need fresh eyes to read, and re-read your draft for flow, typos, and a myriad other little problems. 6. Pay attention to formatting Along the way, check that you are following your teacher’s formatting instructions: font size, line spacing, margins, length, page numbers, title page, etc. A poorly formatted paper will suggest to your teacher that not only the form, but the content is of low quality as well. 7. Avoid plagiarism First, make sure you know what plagiarism is, you can then more easily avoid it. Pay especially close attention to properly attributing the work you cite. For More Information Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Writing a Research Paper.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

What Child Is This Lyrics in Spanish

Here are the Spanish lyrics for What Child Is This? a well-known Christmas hymn whose original lyrics were written by the English composer William Chatterton Dix in 1865. The Spanish lyrics here, which do not follow the English closely, are in the public domain. This carol is usually sung to the tune of Greensleeves, an English folk song.  ¿Quà © nià ±o es este?  ¿Quà © nià ±o es este que al dormiren brazos de Marà ­a, pastores velan,à ¡ngeles le cantan melodà ­as?Él es el Cristo, el rey.Pastores, à ¡ngeles cantan, «Venid, venid a à ©l, al hijo de Marà ­a ».  ¿Por quà © en humilde establo asà ­,el nià ±o es hoy nacido?Por todo injusto pecadorsu amor ha florecido.Él es el Cristo, el rey.Pastores, à ¡ngeles cantan, «Venid, venid a à ©l, al hijo de Marà ­a ». Traed ofrendas en su honorel rey como el labriego.Al rey de reyes, salvador,un trono levantemos.Él es el Cristo, el rey.Pastores, à ¡ngeles cantan, «Venid, venid a à ©l, al hijo de Marà ­a ». English Translation of Spanish Lyrics What boy is this, who while sleepingin the arms of Mary, shepherds keep watch,angels sing melodies to him?He is the Christ, the king.Shepherds, angels sing,Come, come to him, the son of Mary. Why in a lowly barn such as thisis the boy born today?For every unrighteous sinnerhis love has flourished.He is the Christ, the kingShepherds, angels sing,Come, come to him, the son of Mary. Whether youre king or farmhand,bring offerings in his honor.To the king of kings, a savior,may we lift up a throne to him.He is the Christ, the kingShepherds, angels sing,Come, come to him, the son of Mary. Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Nià ±o, although usually translated as boy as in the translation here, also can refer to a child if the childs sex isnt known. In traditional Spanish, este as a demonstrative pronoun is spelled using an orthographic accent as à ©ste. Under modern rules of the language, however, the accent can be omitted as it is here if it isnt necessary to avoid ambiguity. The phrase al dormir is an example of using al with an infinitive. This is a common way of saying when the action of another verb in the sentence takes place. Pastor in Spanish can mean either pastor or shepherd. The verb velar usually means merely to stay awake. However, it sometimes can be translated as taking care of, safeguarding, or keeping watch over someone or something. Le is an indirect-object pronoun. In the sentence Le cantan melodà ­as (they sing melodies to him), the direct object is melodà ­as, because that is what is being sung, and le is the indirect object because it indicates whom the melodies are being sung to or for. In this case, le refers to the baby child. El Cristo uses the Christ as a title or description rather than as a name in the traditional English version of the hymn. Cristo comes from a Greek word meaning Messiah. Note the use of the personal a in the last line of each stanza. When a person (or an animal or object treated as a person) is the direct object of the verb, the a is required before the object. This Spanish version uses angular quotes, which are more common in Spain than in Latin America. Double quote marks such as those of English could have been used instead. Note that closing period goes outside the quote marks rather than before. Venid is the second-person informal or familiar plural imperative form of venir. This verb form is seldom used in Latin America, where vengan would be preferred. Al is one of Spanishs very few contractions. It combines the a and el. Humilde could also have been translated as humble, its cognate. The placement of humilde before establo gives it a more emotional connotation than it might have had otherwise. Establo is a cognate of the English stable and can also be translated that way. Stable as an adjective in Spanish is estable. Injusto usually refers to someone being unfair or unjust. Unrighteous was used here to fit the context. It is common in Spanish to use the suffix  -dor with the stem of a verb to create a noun for a person or thing who performs that verbs action. An example of this is pecador, which comes from the verb pecar, meaning to sin. The first two lines of the final stanza have been transposed and translated nonliterally to make the translation less awkward. Traed is the second-personal informal plural imperative of traer. Note that the plural form is used here even though its subject — el rey como el labriego (the king as well as the farmhand) — would be grammatically singular in English. As a general rule in Spanish, two singular nouns joined by a word or phrase that means as well as take a plural verb. Levantemos is the first-person plural imperative form of levantar. Un trono levantemos (an unusual word order is used here to fit the music) could also have been translated as lets lift up a throne. Labriego is an old word referring to a farmer or peasant. It has been mostly replaced in modern usage by labrador. Alternative Spanish Version Here are the lyrics and translation for the first verse of another public-domain version of the song:  ¿Quià ©n es este nià ±o, que tendido para descansarsobre el regazo de Maria, està ¡ durmiendo?A quià ©n los à ¡ngeles cantan con dulces himnosMientras los pastores guardan vigilia?Este es Cristo el Rey,A quien los pastores resguardan y los à ¡ngeles cantan; ¡Deprisa!,  ¡deprisa! ir a alabarlo, ¡al Nià ±o, el hijo de Maria! Who is this boy, the one inclined to reston Marys lap, is sleeping?To whom do the angels swing with sweet hymnsWhile the shepherds keep watch?This is Christ the King,Whom the shepherds keep watch over and the angels sing to.Hurry! Hurry! Go praise him,the boy, the son of Mary!

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Theory Of Universal Grammar - 2132 Words

Hi Tom, there are many theories that try to explain that how children develop their language skills. From my perspective, I believe that early theories have provided a good understanding of children and their progress. In early theories, the environment was said to greatly influence a child’s learning and also played a major role in child language developments. According to Skinner, â€Å"children learn language based on behaviorist reinforcement principles by associating words with meanings. Correct utterances are positively reinforced when the child realizes the communicative value of words and phrases. For example, when the child says ‘milk’ and the mother will smile and give her some as a result, the child will find this outcome rewarding, enhancing the child s language development† (1). I think that early theories are a perfect way to explain how a child develops their language skills. However, Noam Chomsky has heavily criticized early child development theories. Chomsky has proposed that the theory of Universal Grammar can improve our understanding of childhood development. According to Chomsky, Universal Grammar is â€Å"an idea of innate, biological grammatical categories, such as a noun category and a verb category that facilitate the entire language development in children and overall language processing in adults. Universal Grammar is considered to contain all the grammatical information needed to combine these categories, e.g. noun and verb, into phrases. The child’sShow MoreRelatedThe s Theory Of Universal Grammar Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagesspoke a universal language following the great flood and this led to the construction of a tower to display the greatest of humanity. As a result, God confounded their speech so that they could no longer under stand each other and scattered them around the world. I do believe this story to be true. 2. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? 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The Supreme Court Of Canada Essay - 1778 Words

The supreme court of Canada has overruled numerous laws put forward by the Harper government. In 2010, former Prime Minister Stephen Harper was opposed to the Vancouver Eastside supervised injection site. Stephen Harper took a conservative approach to the issue, he said that â€Å"we as a government will not use taxpayer’s money to fund drug use† (Rachlis, 2010). The Prime Minister did not recognize the potential benefits to Canadian society as he focused on budgeting, without recognizing the benefit to public welfare that would reduce disease, death and have a rehabilitative effect on participants of the program. Judicial decisions play an influential role in the provisions of the Constitution because their interpretation is essential to understanding and employing it. In this essay I will argue that the traditional role of the judges has evolved into having a determinative function of law, that allows judges to uphold citizen’s rights and preserve justice in Ca nada. Through analyzing judicial review, I will demonstrate how judge’s role is much more than an interpretation of law through exploring the idea of Charter proofing, integrating public opinion in decisions, production of common law and judicial activism that serve in creating a climate that is adaptive to new issues that may arise and free from arbitrary rule. The Fathers of confederation adopted a political system that created three branches of government: the executive branch, the legislative branch and theShow MoreRelatedThe Supreme Court Of Canada1984 Words   |  8 PagesThe Supreme Court is one of the most influential ways in determining whether something is considered to be â€Å"constitutional† in many developed countries around the world, including Canada. Within this country, the Supreme Court is the highest Court of Appeal that both territories and provinces can bring court cases to, making it extremely important in the way the country functions (The Supreme Court of Canada, 2016). 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Woman In Society Essay Research Paper Women free essay sample

Woman In Society Essay, Research Paper Womans and their axial rotation on society Womans are of import in our society. Every adult female has her ain occupation or responsibility in this modern society in which work forces are still the strongest gender. We can+t bury that women+s life is a batch more complicated than a man+s life. A adult female has to take attention of her ain personal life and if she is a female parent, she has to take attention besides about her children+s life excessively. Marriaged adult females have tonss of concerns and believe it or non, they carry out a more stressfull life than marriaged work forces. Several times in my life I have heard commentaries about the deficiency of importance of adult females. I am personally against these sort of commentaries. In my life the most of import individual I remember is my female parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Woman In Society Essay Research Paper Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is a professional besides, but besides her profession, she ever took good attention of me. We can+t bury that all human existences come right from a adult female. We can+t disregard that is a adult female the 1 who has to populate with her ain life and besides learn the right attentions for rescent born babes in order to garantee our safety and the opportunity to last. At place the most of import individual is in most of the instances is the female parent. She is the one that cares about the order, the affair and the wellness of all the household. But the concerns she carry for us are non wholly extrange . They care so much for us because believe it or non, we were portion of her about nine months and now, as we grow up, we are the nexus that will give our parent+s gens the oportunity of life for another coevals. Besides, we can see that the adult male of the house has other concerns such as how to raise money adequate to feed his household the full hebdomad. For this ground he can+t acomplish the attentions that the adult female of the house takes with their ain kids. Personally, I can+t conceive of my life without the image and the support of my female parent. I believe that a female parent is the 80 % of the attention you of all time will necessitate. I am and I will be the individual I am because of my female parent. I am certain that the lone thing I may girl if some twenty-four hours I loose my household could be my female parent and now is the clip when I realize and convince myself that she is the most of import individual for me. I am certain my remark could be accepted by most of the people populating in a similar society. Finally I merely want to show the importance of adult female in the society by shuting our eyes, and seeking to conceive of our childhood or even our most sad minutes in our house without the image of a fantastic adult female, our female parents ; so we will understand the importance and the forfeit that females ( the weak gender ) have to take over to do this society be the manner it is today.